A4 · 名词信息块
冠词 + this/that/these/those + 名词后补充信息
雅思词汇语法双轨课 · 第四课
先判断 · 再选择 · 最后核对答案
今天要解决 3 个问题
冠词
a / an · the · ∅
判断新信息、已知信息、泛类。
this / that / these / those
把前一句内容变成清楚对象，再继续解释。
名词后补充信息
先说核心名词，再补地点、问题、用途或对象。
课堂规则：先自己判断，再点开核对；不要一上来就看答案。
做题时只走 3 步
选结构
a/an · the · ∅
this/these · in/with/to/for
观察
冠词 = 信息状态
Congcong saw a cat near the classroom.
The cat looked very quiet.
Congcong likes ∅ cats in general.
核对答案
a cat：第一次出现，听的人还不知道是哪一只。
the cat：刚才说过，已经定位。
∅ cats：泛指猫这个类别。
框架
冠词三格
a / an
新登场
a problem · an issue
a useful approach
the
已定位
the problem we discussed
the only solution
∅
泛类概念
∅ education · ∅ traffic
∅ technology
乐器常用 the：play the piano / guitar。
决策树
两步选冠词
Step 1: 这个名词表达哪种意思？
□ 第一次出现 / 一个新的东西 → a / an
□ 上文提过 / 双方都知道 / 唯一 → the
□ 泛指一类东西 / 抽象概念 → ∅
Step 2: 如果是 a/an，看后面单词的发音：
a useful idea · an important issue
练一练
冠词 · 五题
1. This is ___ serious problem for many families.
核对答案
A a — problem 第一次作为一个问题登场。
2. ___ problem we discussed yesterday is still important.
核对答案
C The — we discussed yesterday 已经把 problem 定位了。
3. ___ Education can change people's lives.
核对答案
D ∅ — education 泛指教育这个概念。
4. There is ___ issue in the plan. ___ issue is easy to solve.
A a, A
B an, The
C the, The
D ∅, The
核对答案
B an, The — issue 第一次出现用 an；第二次已经定位用 The。
5. My sister plays ___ piano after school.
核对答案
C the — play the piano 是常见搭配。
小段
冠词综合语段
A school started ___ project about clean energy.
___ project helped students understand ___ technology better.
One teacher used ___ approach with short videos.
___ approach made the topic easier.
核对答案
a project：第一次出现。
The project：第二次提到，已经定位。
∅ technology：泛指技术这个领域。
an approach：第一次出现，approach 元音音素开头。
The approach：第二次提到，已经定位。
二
this / that / these / those
把前面的内容变成清楚对象
观察
不要只会用 it / they
Many students check their phones before sleep. It can affect their rest.
参考改法
This habit can affect their rest.
Many cities have more bike lanes and parks. They can improve daily life.
参考改法
These changes can improve daily life.
More people work from home now. It is becoming common.
参考改法
This phenomenon is becoming common.
Some teenagers spend hours on short videos. It may reduce their attention.
参考改法
This behavior may reduce their attention.
this / these 和 that / those 的本质
this / these
把刚说完的内容拉到眼前，继续讲
This behavior may affect students.
These changes can improve city life.
that / those
把内容放远一点，回看、评价或对比
That idea sounds useful, but...
Those problems were common in the past.
所以后面主练 this/these + 名词：前一句说事实，下一句马上给它起名，再解释影响。
课堂判断
不是简单地说 this/these 更常用。更准确地说：本课后面的任务都是“刚说完一个现象，马上接着解释它”，所以先练 this/these。
that/those 不是错；它们更像“我把那件事放远一点，再评价它 / 跟现在做对比”。
this / these 后面可以接什么？
behaviorthis behavior
these behaviors
行为
phenomenonthis phenomenon
these phenomena
现象
trendthis trend
these trends
趋势
issuethis issue
these issues
议题 / 问题
approachthis approach
these approaches
做法
consequencethis consequence
these consequences
后果
什么时候用哪个？
behavior：人做的事。phenomenon/trend：社会上正在发生的现象或趋势。
issue/problem：需要讨论或解决的问题。approach/method：做事方法。
consequence/result：前面行为带来的结果。
选择对象词 · 五题
1. Some students sleep very late before exams. ___ may hurt their health.
参考
This behavior may hurt their health.
2. More people order food online every day. ___ is common in big cities.
参考
This phenomenon is common in big cities.
3. People read less on paper and watch more short videos. ___ may change education.
参考
These trends may change education.
4. The teacher uses stories to teach new words. ___ can help students remember them.
参考
This approach can help students remember them.
5. More cars mean more noise and slower roads. ___ can make city life stressful.
参考
These consequences can make city life stressful.
this + 单个对象 · these + 多个对象
1. Traffic is getting worse. ___ issue needs attention.
答案
This issue — issue 是单个议题。
2. Price, distance and safety all matter. ___ factors affect people's choices.
答案
These factors — factors 是多个因素。
3. Some schools use short reading passages to teach words. ___ approach is useful.
答案
This approach — approach 是一个做法。
4. Students may lose focus and waste time. ___ consequences are serious.
答案
These consequences — consequences 是多个后果。
输出
一句事实 + this/these 接解释
Many teenagers spend too much time online. ______ may reduce face-to-face communication.
参考
This behavior may reduce face-to-face communication.
More people choose public transport in large cities. ______ can reduce air pollution.
参考
This trend can reduce air pollution.
Cost, time and safety are important. ______ can influence people's decisions.
参考
These factors can influence people's decisions.
先思考
先找核心名词
中文短语
城市里的人
交通方面的问题
省钱的方法
学生学习的地方
先圈哪个词？
人 / 城市？
问题 / 交通？
方法 / 省钱？
地方 / 学生学习？
核对答案
核心名词是：people / problems / ways / places。
英文常常先说核心名词，再把地点、方面、用途或对象放到后面。
4 个结构分别解决什么问题？
先遮住英文例子，只看问题：这个名词后面要补“地点、方面、用途，还是给谁做”？
名词 + in...在哪里 / 哪个范围
people in cities
名词 + with...关于哪方面的问题
issues with housing
名词 + to do用来做什么
ways to save money
名词 + for sb to do给谁做什么
places for students to study
它们放在一起，是因为都在做同一件事：把一个名词说明白。
先选结构，再翻译
1. 大城市里的年轻人 → 名词 + ?
答案
in：young people in big cities
2. 住房方面的问题 → 名词 + ?
答案
with：problems with housing
3. 减少浪费的方法 → 名词 + ?
答案
to do：ways to reduce waste
4. 给孩子玩耍的地方 → 名词 + ?
答案
for sb to do：places for children to play
5. 网络安全方面的风险 → 名词 + ?
答案
with：risks with online safety / risks related to online safety
6. 改善公共交通的计划 → 名词 + ?
答案
to do：plans to improve public transport
名词块也要有 variety
trendtrends in education
trends in city life
factorfactors behind stress
factors in people's choices
reasonreasons to support parks
reasons for this change
opportunityopportunities for students to speak
opportunities to learn online
solutionsolutions to traffic problems
solutions for young people
evidenceevidence from research
evidence for this view
口语 / 写作常用原因
这些词能让答案从“problem / method / change”升级到更像雅思表达的对象词。
名词后补充信息 · 五题
1. 城市里的人
A city people
B people in cities
答案
B people in cities。
2. 交通方面的问题
A traffic with problems
B problems with traffic
答案
B problems with traffic。
3. 改善教育的方法
A ways to improve education
B improve education ways
答案
A ways to improve education。
4. 给学生练口语的机会
A students speaking opportunities
B opportunities for students to practise speaking
答案
B opportunities for students to practise speaking。
5. 支持这个观点的证据
A evidence for this view
B this view evidence
答案
A evidence for this view。
输出
名词块放进句子
1. 大城市里的年轻人 → ______ need better public transport.
参考
Young people in big cities need better public transport.
2. 交通方面的问题 → Governments should solve ______.
参考
Governments should solve problems with traffic.
3. 省钱的方法 → Students need ______.
参考
Students need ways to save money.
4. 给孩子玩耍的地方 → Parks provide ______.
参考
Parks provide places for children to play.
判断 1
集合名词：整体 vs 成员
My family is very supportive.
My family are all preparing for the trip.
整体
family / team / class 像一个单位
is / was / has
成员
里面每个人都在做事
are / were / have
英美用法会有差异。本课先按“整体 / 成员”判断，不背唯一答案。
参考升级
The team is strong. 队伍整体很强。
The team are arguing. 队员们各自在争论。
判断 2
找真主语：介词短语不算主语
The number of students in the class is rising.
A number of students are interested.
The effects of this behavior are serious.
Everyone in the group has a role.
核对方法
先把介词短语划掉，再看前面的核心主语。
the number of 看 number，常接单数动词；a number of 意思是“很多”，后面接复数动词。
判断 3
特殊句式：别被中间信息带跑
everyone / everybody
Everyone in the class has a notebook.
Everybody in the group is ready.
either/or · neither/nor
Neither the teacher nor the students are late.
Either the students or the teacher is wrong.
核对方法
everyone/everybody 按单数处理。
either/or, neither/nor 通常看离动词最近的主语。
主谓一致 · 五题
1. My family ___ all preparing for the exam.（每个人都在忙）
答案
B are — 强调成员各自在准备。
2. The number of students in this class ___ small.
答案
A is — 主语核心是 The number。
3. A number of students ___ worried about speaking.
答案
B are — a number of = 很多，后接复数动词。
4. Everyone in the group ___ a different idea.
答案
A has — everyone 按单数。
5. Either the students or the teacher ___ responsible.
答案
A is — 就近看 teacher。
主谓一致 + 名词块
1. People in large cities ___ better public transport.
参考
need — 主语是 People。
2. The issue with online safety ___ serious.
参考
is — 主语核心是 issue。
3. Opportunities for students to practise speaking ___ important.
参考
are — 主语核心是 Opportunities。
4. This behavior in public places ___ a negative effect.
参考
has — 主语核心是 This behavior。
五
合在一起
冠词 · this/these · 名词块 · 主谓一致
冠词 + this/these
Online learning is ___ important issue for many families.
___ issue became more common after many schools used online classes.
More students now study with videos at home. ______ may change education.
核对答案
an important issue：第一次出现，important 元音音素开头。
The issue：第二次提到，已经定位。
This phenomenon may change education：前一句是一个社会现象。
三句小段
中文：
很多大城市里的人每天开私家车。
这个行为会造成严重的交通问题。
政府应该提供更好的出行方式。
参考答案
Many people in big cities use private cars every day. This behavior can cause serious problems with traffic. Governments should provide better ways for people to travel.
口语 Part 3：城市生活
Question
Why do people in cities often feel stressed?
参考答案
Many people in cities have long working hours and little time to relax. This pressure can affect their health. Cities need more quiet places for people to rest, such as parks and sports centres.
课堂活动
Pair Work：先想再说
A：网络学习的趋势
B：trends in online learning
A：影响学生选择的因素
B：factors in students' choices
A：解决交通问题的方法
B：ways to solve traffic problems
A：给学生练习的机会
B：opportunities for students to practise
综合速测 · 五题
1. Online safety is ___ important issue. ___ issue affects many teenagers.
答案
an / The。
2. Some students check phones in class. ______ can reduce attention.
答案
This behavior can reduce attention.
3. 交通方面的问题
答案
problems with traffic
4. Cost, time and safety are all important. ______ affect people's choices.
答案
These factors affect people's choices.
5. Everyone in the group ___ a different opinion.
答案
has — everyone 按单数。
6. 给学生练口语的机会
答案
opportunities for students to practise speaking
今天的知识点总结
先自己说一遍四组关键词，再看卡片核对。
冠词
a/an = 新信息
the = 已定位
∅ = 泛类概念
this / these + 名词
this behavior · this trend
these factors · these consequences
名词后补充信息
in = 范围
with = 相关问题
to do = 用途
for sb to do = 给谁做
主谓一致
找真主语
集合名词看整体/成员
everyone 单数
离开教室前，说出这 4 组
先不看答案，闭眼说一遍；卡住了再看下面。
1. 冠词：
a/an = 新信息 · the = 已定位 · ∅ = 泛类
2. this/these 后面的对象词：
behavior · phenomenon · trend · issue · approach · factor · consequence
3. 名词后补信息：
in · with · to do · for sb to do
4. 主谓一致：
先找真主语，再选动词。
A4 完成
把名词说清楚，也把动词配对
雅思词汇语法双轨课 · 第四课