A6 · 态度、方向和句子边界
把一坨中文脑，拆成考官能听懂的英文
雅思词汇语法双轨课 · 第六课 · v1
情态动词 · 被动语态 · 情态被动 · 并列连接 · 流水句急救
Hook
真实学生会写出的“一坨句子”
The park is dirty, people throw rubbish everywhere, the government should punish them, because it can protect environment, so the park will be clean.
今天不从 and / but / so 的意思讲起。我们先救这类句子。
诊断
今天的 4 把工具
态度
must / should / can / may
观察
四个词，不是一个力度
| 语气 | 英文 | 中文感觉 |
|---|
| 很强 | People must stop littering. | 必须停下来 |
| 建议 | People should stop littering. | 应该这样做 |
| 可行 | People can use more bins. | 可以这样做 |
| 可能 | More bins may help. | 也许有帮助 |
规则
先问：我到底想表达什么？
1. 公共场所不能乱扔垃圾。
must notmay not
2. 学校应该教学生分类垃圾。
shouldmust
3. 更多垃圾桶可以让街道更干净。
canshould
错误
Should 滥用：整段像在发命令
Students should use phones less.
Parents should control children.
Schools should make strict rules.
The government should punish people.
不是不能用 should，而是每一句都 should，语气会很单一。
练习
把语气调准
1. Students should use phones less.
2. Parents should control children.
3. Schools should make strict rules.
4. The government should punish people.
带走
情态词 4 格
硬规则 → must / mustn't→建议 → should
办法 → can→可能结果 → may / might
2
被动：换方向，不是装高级
当“被处理的人/事”更重要，就换方向
观察
主动和被动，镜头不一样
主动
Workers clean the park every morning.
镜头在 workers
被动
The park is cleaned every morning.
镜头在 the park
公式
被动骨架：承受者 + be + done
The park+is+cleaned
先不要背一堆时态变化。A6 先掌握最常用的现在/过去被动方向。
选择
什么时候不用一直写 people?
1. 每天都有垃圾被收走。
Rubbish is collected...Workers collect...
2. 很多游客乱扔垃圾。
Tourists throw...Rubbish is thrown...
3. 新规则已经被贴在门口。
New rules are posted...People post...
4. 学校鼓励学生少用手机。
Schools encourage...Students are encouraged...
练习
换镜头练习
1. Workers collect rubbish every day.
2. Teachers encourage students to read more.
3. Some classrooms do not allow phones.
4. The city plants more trees near the road.
急救
被动两个红灯
漏 be
The park cleaned every day.
The park is cleaned every day.
漏 done
The rules are post outside.
The rules are posted outside.
公式
情态被动：modal + be + done
Rules+should+be followed
这组结构特别适合写“措施 / 规定 / 问题被解决”。
拆解
中文 → 英文骨架
| 中文意图 | 英文骨架 | 例句 |
|---|
| 环境应该被保护 | should be protected | The environment should be protected. |
| 浪费可以被减少 | can be reduced | Waste can be reduced. |
| 规则必须被遵守 | must be followed | Rules must be followed. |
| 空气质量也许会被改善 | may be improved | Air quality may be improved. |
练习
三步拼装
1. 公共场所应该保持干净。
Public places ____ ____ ____ clean.
2. 这个问题可以被解决。
This problem ____ ____ ____.
3. 课桌必须被清理。
The desks ____ ____ ____.
4. 浪费也许会被减少。
Waste ____ ____ ____.
升级
少写 people，句子会更清楚
重复 people
People can reduce plastic waste if people use fewer bags.
换成情态被动
Plastic waste can be reduced by using fewer bags.
观察
逗号不是万能胶
The park is dirty, people throw rubbish everywhere, the government should punish them, the park will be clean.
英文里，几个完整句子不能只靠逗号硬贴在一起。
第一刀
先拆短：A 段收官保命法
一个主语+一个核心动作=一个清楚句子
逻辑
because 和 so 不要一起挤
中文脑直搬
Because people throw rubbish, so the park is dirty.
英文更清楚
Because people throw rubbish, the park is dirty.
People throw rubbish, so the park is dirty.
练习
不是背词义，是判断关系
1. The park is clean. It is quiet.
andbut
2. Buses are cheap. They are often crowded.
butbecause
3. Many students use phones. They need information quickly.
becauseso
4. More bins are added. The street becomes cleaner.
sobut
综合 1
先救命：一坨 → 四句
The park is dirty, people throw rubbish everywhere, the government should punish them, because it can protect environment, so the park will be clean.
综合 2
再升级：清楚 + 有态度 + 有方向
The park is dirty because people throw rubbish everywhere. Clear rules should be made, and more bins can be added. In this way, the park may become cleaner.
这里的高级感来自清楚，不是来自长。
诊所
A 段综合诊断：别每个小错都抓
In my city, the river is dirty, many people throw bottles into it, the government should punish people and the water can protect, so children can play there.
课堂优先修影响理解的大问题：主干、方向、边界、逻辑。
方法卡
A6 修句四步
1. 断句→2. 调语气→3. 换方向→4. 接逻辑
产出
课堂产出：把混乱段落改成清楚小段
In my city, the river is dirty, many people throw bottles into it, the government should punish people and the water can protect, so children can play there.
分层
同一个意思，两档输出
基础版
The river is dirty because many people throw bottles into it. Clear rules should be made. The water can be protected.
挑战版
The river is dirty because many people throw bottles into it, so clear rules should be made and more bins can be added.
表达包
A6 只带走 4 类同主题表达
情态语气
must · should · can · may
被动方向
is cleaned · are posted · was built
情态被动
should be protected · can be reduced
必要逻辑
and · but · because · so
课后
课后 8 句：先标类型，再改清楚
1. Strict rules should solve every problem.
2. People collect rubbish every morning.（强调 rubbish）
3. We should protect the environment.（强调 environment）
4. Because buses are cheap, so many students take them.
5. Parents should control everything children do.
6. Some schools do not allow phones.（强调 phones）
7. People can reduce waste by using fewer bags.
8. The street is noisy, many cars pass there every day.
收束
今天的总路线
断句→调语气→换方向→接逻辑
A 段结束时，学生可以先不写长句，但要让每一句都有清楚主干和清楚关系。
A6 完成
清楚，比硬凑长句更重要
先让考官听懂，再慢慢写得更漂亮。